Our Mosques in Muslim countries are not much different from classical Mosques, though I would contend they are much cleaner (in my humble opinion, notwithstanding some non-Ahmadi Mosques that are very clean). However, I think you are getting this impression from Mosques in the West. Architectural designs in the West are different and builders are less experienced with classical Mosque designs. Hence, Mosques tend to look a little different. Also, in the West, some of our Mosques are converted buildings. That is, a building may have had some other purpose that was later converted into a Mosque.
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Salaam. They don’t have to do it over and over. Once before Salat is fine.
I'm sorry to hear that. May Allah resolve all your difficulties. Ameen.
I'm not sure what you are asking. Can you explain your question please?
We recite it before speeches because it was the practice of the Holy Prophet (sa).
It's called tashahud. It's written below in roman english and translation:
ash-hadu allä iläha illallähu
I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship save Allah.
wa ash-hadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhü wa rasüluh
And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His apostle.
amma-ba'do fa-
After this
a‘üdhu billähi minash-shaitänir-rajïm.
I seek refuge with Allah from Satan, the accursed.
bismillähir-rahmänir-rahïm.
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
He should seek professional help. If a person is truly suffering from anxiety and depression, he cannot be pushed out of it. I'm not saying that family support does not help. It definitely helps. But if he cannot come to you or you cannot go to him, it is better he gets professional advice on what to do.
To some extent, he has talked about it in "Way of the Seekers". It is available on alislam.
In his Urdu books, he has highlighted this in his book, IRFAANE ILAAHI. This book is not translated into English yet.
The Mosque of the Holy Prophet (sa) had a very simple mimbar (pulpit). The Jama'at follows this practice by putting a small podium. The way certain Mosques today have huge mimbars where the Imam is standing at a great height is not the way the Holy Prophet (sa) did it.
It's not about double standards. It's about gender roles. Men and women have different positions when it comes to their roles in a marriage. In the case of the wife/mother, it is stated that she should get priority by her children in terms of kind treatment. Remember that Hadith? According to that Hadith, the individual asked the Holy Prophet (sa) three times who should get the best treatment from him. The reply was: Your mother. It was only when he asked the question the fourth time that he got the response: Your father. Is this a double standard? Of course not. This is based on the kinds of pains that a mother undertakes in order to provide for her children. A father does not do the same.
In the same way, a wife should take permission from her husband to fast while the husband is told in the Quran: Be kind/compassionate to your wife. Hence, it does not mean that he should exercise a dictatorial relationship with his wife. It simply means he should be asked first as during a fast, his wife cannot attend to some of his needs in the same way she would be able to if she were not fasting.
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Salaam. Continued.
WA. It comes to us from the Holy Prophet (sa). He has given guidelines for this. There is a book called "Salat" on alislam.org that discusses such matters related to Salat.